Did your cat just knock a crystal vase off the shelf and now sit next to the shards with his tail held high?
Are you sure this is revenge for yesterday's refusal of a treat?
In fact, cats are not capable of revenge. Their brain does not connect "broken vase" and "punishment". Your pet does not make evil plans - it simply follows instincts.

For example, jumping onto the shelf could have been an attempt to catch a sunbeam or a fly flying by. And the vase fell because the cat miscalculated the trajectory or was frightened by a sudden noise.
Why do cats like to throw things? Firstly, it is a hunting instinct. Moving objects (even if it is a shadow from a curtain) awaken the instinct of pursuit.
Secondly, boredom. If a cat has no toys, it will entertain itself by throwing off pens and cups.
Third, getting attention. When your pet realizes that after the vase falls, you run towards him screaming, he repeats this to elicit a reaction.
How to protect your home from cat chaos? Cover the edges of shelves with double-sided tape - cats hate sticky surfaces. Put fragile items in closed cabinets.
Buy a tall play structure with shelves and scratching posts: if your cat wastes energy climbing there, your vases will remain intact.
And also arrange daily games with a feather fishing rod - 20 minutes of active hunting will relieve stress.
If your cat starts dropping things more often, check its vision. Older pets or breeds with flat noses (Persians, Exotics) have a worse sense of distance.
And some cats "behaviours" because of stress: for example, if a new dog appears in the house or you change your work schedule. In such cases, a pheromone collar or spray with calming aromas will help.